Spending · category

Commerce & housing credit

Mortgage and deposit insurance, the Postal Service, and business programs. Fees and collections often exceed spending here. In FY2025 it came to −$28.1B (#18 of 18 categories).

−$28.1B

FY2025 outlays

n/a

of all federal spending

n/a

change from FY2024 ($36.0B)

Mandatory

mandatory (the rest is discretionary)

Where it goes

Commerce & housing credit by subcategory, FY2025. Click one for every program inside it.

Mandatory (set by standing law)

Other advancement of commerce

$39.6B Postal serviceThe U.S. Postal Service.

$5.17B Deposit insuranceFederal deposit insurance.−$32.2B Mortgage credit−$40.7B

Negative subcategories collected more in fees, premiums, or loan repayments than they spent.

The biggest programs

The largest individual accounts in commerce & housing credit, FY2025, across all its subcategories.

Mandatory (set by standing law)Discretionary (set by yearly appropriations)

CHIPS Act semiconductor incentivesCreating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors (CHIPS) for America Fund · National Institute of Standards and Technology

$14.6B Universal Service FundFederal Communications Commission

$8.64B Postal Service FundPostal Service

$4.81B Advanced Manufacturing Investment CreditInternal Revenue Service

$2.24B Consumer Financial Civil Penalty FundBureau of Consumer Financial Protection

$2.08B State Small Business Credit InitiativeDepartmental Offices

$2.04B Rural Housing Insurance Fund Program AccountRural Housing Service

$1.98B FHA-Mutual Mortgage Insurance Program AccountHousing Programs

$1.64B Telecommunications Relay Services Fund, Federal Communications CommissionFederal Communications Commission

$1.43B Payment Where Certain Tax Credits Exceed Liability for Corporate TaxInternal Revenue Service

$1.17B Scientific and Technical Research and ServicesNational Institute of Standards and Technology

$1.11B Periodic Censuses and ProgramsBureau of the Census

$1.07B

Commerce & housing credit since 1993

Outlays in 2025 dollars (adjusted for inflation), fiscal years 1993–2025. Share of all federal spending: -1.6% in FY1993, -0.4% in FY2025.

Subcategories

Subcategory	FY2025	vs FY2024	Real, since 2000	Programs
Other advancement of commerce	$39.6B	+39%	+199%	70
Postal service	$5.17B	+30%	+37%	3
Deposit insurance	−$32.2B	n/a	n/a	2
Mortgage credit	−$40.7B	n/a	n/a	7

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